Film
1882 Etienne Jules Marey in France developed a chronophotographic camera, shaped like a gun and referred to as a "shotgun" camera, that could take twelve successive pictures or images per second.
1886 Pioneering British inventor William Friese-Greene collaborated with John Rudge to make an enhanced magic lantern, one of the earliest motion picture cameras and projectors, termed a Biophantascope, to project photographic plates in rapid succession. He claimed to have sent Thomas Edison (who denied receiving anything) details of his camera designs, but received no replies.
In 1890, Friese-Greene received a patent for his 'chronophotographic' camera, capable of taking up to ten photographs per second using perforated celluloid film, but his experiments met with limited success, unlike Edison. However, he became the first man to ever witness moving pictures on a screen.
1887 Nitrate celluloid film (a chemical combination of gun cotton and gum camphor) was invented by American clergyman Hannibal W. Goodwin.
1888 Edison filed his first caveat (a Patent Office document) in which he declared his work on future inventions, anticipating filling out a complete patent application for his Kinetoscope and Kinetograph (a motion picture camera).
1888 French inventor Louis Augustin Le Prince developed a single-lens camera which he used to make the very first moving picture sequences (of traffic on a Leeds, England bridge), by moving the film through a camera's sprocket wheels by grabbing the film's perforations. Presumably, it was the first movie ever shot and then shown to the public.
1889 Henry Reichenbach developed (and patented) durable and flexible celluloid film strips (or roll film) to be manufactured by the pioneer of photographic equipment, George Eastman, and his Eastman Company
1930 British director Alfred Hitchcock's second all-talkie thriller Murder was the first film in which a character's (Sir John Menier, played by Herbert Marshall) thoughts were heard in voice-over.
1930 Public pressure (mainly from the Catholic Church) applied further censorship guidelines and clearly outlined what was acceptable (and unacceptable) in films within the industry. Pre-marital sex, alcoholism, immoral and criminal activity, among other subjects, led to the establishment and adoption of the Motion Picture Production Code. As head of the MPPDA, William Hays established this new code of decency, known in short as the Production Code or Hays Code.
1932 The film career of 4 year-old child star Shirley Temple (born in 1928), probably the most famous child actress in history, began when she appeared in various shorts (such as the 'Baby Burlesks' series with her first film War Babies (1932)) and in her feature film debut, The Red-Haired Alibi (1932). Fox signed five-year old Shirley to a contract in 1933. She would become one of the biggest box-office stars in the mid to late 1930s (1936-1938).
1933 One of the first feature-length musical scores written specifically for a US 'talkie' film was Max Steiner's score for RKO's King Kong. It was the first major Hollywood film to have a thematic score rather than background music, recorded using a 46-piece orchestra. After the score was completed, all of the film's sounds were recorded onto three separate tracks, one each for sound effects, dialogue and music. For the first time in film history, RKO's sound department head Murray Spivak made a groundbreaking sound design decision - he pitched the effects to match the score, so they wouldn't be overwhelming and so they would complement each other.
1934 Donald Duck debuted in The Wise Little Hen.
1934 The first use of 3-strip Technicolor in a live-action sequence (in the film's final scene), was in MGM's musical/romance operetta adaptation The Cat and the Fiddle, starring Jeanette MacDonald (in her MGM debut film) and Ramon Novarro.
1936 The Negro Improvement League protested The Green Pastures, the first all-black film since King Vidor's Hallelujah! (1929). It was a reenactment of Bible stories set in the world of black American folklore and filled with cliches and racial stereotypes of the time. The organization criticized it as "insulting, degrading and malicious" and perpetuating unacceptable stereotypes.
1937 The first full-length animated feature, Disney's Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, was released - made for a budget of $1.5 million. It was the top moneymaker in 1938, when it made an astronomical $8 million.
1939 This year has often been called the "greatest year in film history" by film buffs, movie historians, and critics, chiefly due to the inordinate number of classic films. Some of the greatest films ever made were released in 1939, including Gone With the Wind, The Hunchback of Notre Dame, Mr. Smith Goes to Washington, Ninotchka, Stagecoach, The Wizard of Oz and Wuthering Heights. In France, both Marcel Carné's Daybreak (aka Le Jour Se Lève) and Jean Renoir's The Rules of the Game (considered by some to be the greatest film of all-time, but banned during the German occupation) were released.
1940 Disney's groundbreaking Fantasia introduced a "Fantasound" 'stereo-like', multi-channel soundtrack (an optical 'surround-sound' soundtrack printed on a separate 35mm reel from the actual video portion of the film). It cost about four times more than an average live-action picture.
1940 Famed cartoon character Bugs Bunny first said his famous line ("Eh, what's up, Doc?" voiced by Mel Blanc) in his fourth, Oscar-nominated Tex Avery cartoon, A Wild Hare (1940) - the first true Bugs Bunny cartoon with Elmer Fudd as a rabbit hunter (and noted for Elmer's first use of his 'wabbit' voice). Bugs finally received his identifiable name by his fifth cartoon, Elmer's Pet Rabbit (1941). 1940 Tom & Jerry, created by Hanna & Barbera, were debuted by MGM in Puss Gets the Boot. (Tom was called Jasper and Jerry didn't have a name yet.)
Monday 24 November 2008
Winsor McCay Report
Winsor McCay was born in 26 September 1867 and he died in July 26 1934. His original name was Zenas Winsor McKay, he was the son of Robert Mckay and Jane Murray McKay. His father Robert in various time was working as a teamster, a grocer and a real estate agent so Winsor's exact place and year of birth are uncertain. Winsor claimed that he was born in Spring Lake, in Michigan in 1871 but his gravestone says 1869 and then reports states that he was born in 1967 in Canada.
Winsor McCay was a prolific artist and pioneer in the art of comic strips and animation. His two best-known creations are the newspaper comic strip Little Nemo in Slumberland, which was made in 1905 to 1914 and the animated cartoon Gertie the Dinosaur, which he created in 1914.
McCay's first major comic strip series was Tales of the Jungle Imps by Felix Fiddle there were forty-three comic strips that was published from January to November of 1903.
Dreams of a Rarebit Fiend was a newspaper comic strip written and drawn by Winsor McCay beginning in 1904. It was McCay's second successful newspaper strip, after Little Sammy Sneeze secured him a position on the cartoon staff of the New York Herald newspaper. Rarebit Fiend was published in the Evening Telegram newspaper, which was published by the Herald at the time.
Little Nemo in Slumberland
Winsor McCay made is a weekly comic strip called Little Nemo in Slumberland was made in 1905 – 1911. The comic strips were in the newspapers of ‘New York Herald’ and the ‘New York American’. This comic strip was far from a simple children's fantasy; it was often dark, surreal, threatening, and even violent. The strip related the dreams of a little boy named Nemo who has nightmares. The last panel in each strip was always one of Nemo waking up or have grown-ups either to comfort or scolded him.
Little Nemo and Dreams of Rarebit Fiend were both set in the theme on dreams of their characters and featured fantasy art that attempted to capture the look and feel of dreams. Winsor McCay’s cartoons were never overwhelmingly popular, but always had a strong following because of his expressive graphic style.
Gertie the Dinosaur
Gertie the Dinosaur was created in 1914, it is a classified film and in the animation history as Gertie was the first cartoon character to be created especially for film to display a unique, realistic "personality".
Winsor also created a number of animated short films, in which every single frame of each cartoon (with each film requiring thousands of frames) was hand-drawn by Winsor himself.
In the film, Winsor introduces the character Gertie as she appears behind a corner of rocks and he instructed her to perform various tricks but then she causes trouble and cries when she is scolded for misbehaving, then she is treated with an apple that Winsor gives her and finally Gertie gives Winsor McCay himself a ride on her back as he steps into the movie picture.
Winsor McCay was a prolific artist and pioneer in the art of comic strips and animation. His two best-known creations are the newspaper comic strip Little Nemo in Slumberland, which was made in 1905 to 1914 and the animated cartoon Gertie the Dinosaur, which he created in 1914.
McCay's first major comic strip series was Tales of the Jungle Imps by Felix Fiddle there were forty-three comic strips that was published from January to November of 1903.
Dreams of a Rarebit Fiend was a newspaper comic strip written and drawn by Winsor McCay beginning in 1904. It was McCay's second successful newspaper strip, after Little Sammy Sneeze secured him a position on the cartoon staff of the New York Herald newspaper. Rarebit Fiend was published in the Evening Telegram newspaper, which was published by the Herald at the time.
Little Nemo in Slumberland
Winsor McCay made is a weekly comic strip called Little Nemo in Slumberland was made in 1905 – 1911. The comic strips were in the newspapers of ‘New York Herald’ and the ‘New York American’. This comic strip was far from a simple children's fantasy; it was often dark, surreal, threatening, and even violent. The strip related the dreams of a little boy named Nemo who has nightmares. The last panel in each strip was always one of Nemo waking up or have grown-ups either to comfort or scolded him.
Little Nemo and Dreams of Rarebit Fiend were both set in the theme on dreams of their characters and featured fantasy art that attempted to capture the look and feel of dreams. Winsor McCay’s cartoons were never overwhelmingly popular, but always had a strong following because of his expressive graphic style.
Gertie the Dinosaur
Gertie the Dinosaur was created in 1914, it is a classified film and in the animation history as Gertie was the first cartoon character to be created especially for film to display a unique, realistic "personality".
Winsor also created a number of animated short films, in which every single frame of each cartoon (with each film requiring thousands of frames) was hand-drawn by Winsor himself.
In the film, Winsor introduces the character Gertie as she appears behind a corner of rocks and he instructed her to perform various tricks but then she causes trouble and cries when she is scolded for misbehaving, then she is treated with an apple that Winsor gives her and finally Gertie gives Winsor McCay himself a ride on her back as he steps into the movie picture.
Timeline on Animation
1832: Joseph Plateau – Invented the Phenakistoscope
1834: William Horner – Invented the Zoetrope
1879: Eadweard Muybridge – Took the first sequential photographs of
moving images
1885: Hannibal Goodwin – Invented transparent celluloid flexible film
1895: Lumiere Brothers – Invented the first movie camera and the
projector
1899: Arthur Melbourne Cooper – Made the first ever animated film
“Matches - An Appeal”
1906: James Stuart Blackton – Made his first animated film:
“Humorous Phases of funny faces”
(James Stuart Blackton is known as the father of American animation)
1914: Winsor Z McCay – Created the first ever animated cartoon character “Gertie the Dinosaur”
1914/1915: John Bray & Earl Hurd – Invented and patented Cel Animation
1936: U B Iwerks & Walt Disney – Invented the multiplane camera
1937: Walt Disney – Produced the first full length animated colour feature film “Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs”
1995: Pixar – Produced the first totally computer animated feature film “Toy Story”
1834: William Horner – Invented the Zoetrope
1879: Eadweard Muybridge – Took the first sequential photographs of
moving images
1885: Hannibal Goodwin – Invented transparent celluloid flexible film
1895: Lumiere Brothers – Invented the first movie camera and the
projector
1899: Arthur Melbourne Cooper – Made the first ever animated film
“Matches - An Appeal”
1906: James Stuart Blackton – Made his first animated film:
“Humorous Phases of funny faces”
(James Stuart Blackton is known as the father of American animation)
1914: Winsor Z McCay – Created the first ever animated cartoon character “Gertie the Dinosaur”
1914/1915: John Bray & Earl Hurd – Invented and patented Cel Animation
1936: U B Iwerks & Walt Disney – Invented the multiplane camera
1937: Walt Disney – Produced the first full length animated colour feature film “Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs”
1995: Pixar – Produced the first totally computer animated feature film “Toy Story”
Time line research
War
1881 AD French Invasion of Tunisia-Tunisian tribesmen had raided Algeria, which provided the French a pretext for attacking Tunisia. The French withdrew after signing the treaty of Bardo. The treaty gave France the responsibility for the defense and foreign policy of Tunisia.
1882 AD Britain Invades Egypt The British invaded Egypt in response to anti foreign riots. The British defeated the army of Arabi Pasha at Al Tell. On September 15th they captured Cairo. Arabi pasha the nationalist leader was deported to Ceylon.
1883 AD Anglo French Punitive Expedition -The French and the British launched a punitive expedition against Sudan that was decisively defeated by Muhammad Ahmad at the battle of El Ubbayid. The British then sent Charles George Gordon to arrange the withdrawal of British troops from Sudan. He was cut off and executed by the Sudanese.
1883 AD Sino-Chinese War -The French and the Chinese fought in the Sino-Chinese war . The French occupied most of Annam, (Vietnam and Cambodia) but their trade was being disrupted by Chinese in Northern Vietnam. The French destroyed the Chinese navy as it lay anchor at Foochow. Under the treaty of Hue the French consolidated their protectorate over all of Vietnam
1887 AD Ethiopian-Italian War Begins -The Italians were defeated in the first battle of the Italian-Ethiopian War at the Battle of Dogali where Ethiopians defeated Italian troops. The Italians then engage in alliances with Ethiopia's neighbors to weaken them. The next year the Ethiopian leader Johannes IV was killed in a battle with the Mahdists. Menelik of Shoa, who received Italian support, succeeded him.
1931- Japan invades Manchuria.
1932 - Stalin launches purges in Communist Party which will eventually claim 8 to 10 million lives by starvation and execution. The Chaco War takes place from 1932 to 1935 between Bolivia and Paraguay over the disputed territory of Gran Chaco resulting in an overall Paraguayan victory in 1935. An agreement dividing the territory was made in 1938, officially ending outstanding differences and bringing an official "peace" to the conflict.
1935: Italy invades Ethiopia.
1936: Hitler reoccupies the Rhineland
1937: Japan invades China, Japanese troops occupy capital and conduct the "rape of Nanjing."
1938: Germany occupies Austria, Czechosolvakia dismembered by Munich pact.
1939: Hitler and Stalin sign non-aggression pact. Germany invades Poland; Britain and France declare war on Germany.
Film
1930s The U.S. film The Wizard of Oz is the first color film and is enormously popular.
Triumph of the Will - Leni Riefenstahl's ground-breaking Nazi propaganda film.
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